通常你在應(yīng)用中定義了一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體，那么你也可能需要這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的（指針）對(duì)象集合，比如：

type Any interface{}
type Car struct {
    Model        string
    Manufacturer string
    BuildYear    int
    // ...
}

type Cars []*Car

在定義所需功能時(shí)我們可以利用函數(shù)可以作為（其它函數(shù)的）參數(shù)的事實(shí)來使用高階函數(shù)，例如：

1）定義一個(gè)通用的 Process() 函數(shù)，它接收一個(gè)作用于每一輛 car 的 f 函數(shù)作參數(shù)：

// Process all cars with the given function f:
func (cs Cars) Process(f func(car *Car)) {
    for _, c := range cs {
        f(c)
    }
}

2）在上面的基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)查找函數(shù)來獲取子集合，并在 Process() 中傳入一個(gè)閉包執(zhí)行（這樣就可以訪問局部切片 cars）：

// Find all cars matching a given criteria.
func (cs Cars) FindAll(f func(car *Car) bool) Cars {

    cars := make([]*Car, 0)
    cs.Process(func(c *Car) {
        if f(c) {
            cars = append(cars, c)
        }
    })
    return cars
}

3）實(shí)現(xiàn) Map 功能，產(chǎn)出除 car 對(duì)象以外的東西：

// Process cars and create new data.
func (cs Cars) Map(f func(car *Car) Any) []Any {
    result := make([]Any, 0)
    ix := 0
    cs.Process(func(c *Car) {
        result[ix] = f(c)
        ix++
    })
    return result
}

現(xiàn)在我們可以定義下面這樣的具體查詢：

allNewBMWs := allCars.FindAll(func(car *Car) bool {
    return (car.Manufacturer == "BMW") && (car.BuildYear > 2010)
})

4）我們也可以根據(jù)入?yún)⒎祷夭煌暮瘮?shù)。也許我們想根據(jù)不同的廠商添加汽車到不同的集合，但是這可能會(huì)是多變的。所以我們可以定義一個(gè)函數(shù)來產(chǎn)生特定的添加函數(shù)和 map 集：

func MakeSortedAppender(manufacturers[]string)(func(car*Car),map[string]Cars) {
    // Prepare maps of sorted cars.
    sortedCars := make(map[string]Cars)
    for _, m := range manufacturers {
        sortedCars[m] = make([]*Car, 0)
    }
    sortedCars["Default"] = make([]*Car, 0)
    // Prepare appender function:
    appender := func(c *Car) {
        if _, ok := sortedCars[c.Manufacturer]; ok {
            sortedCars[c.Manufacturer] = append(sortedCars[c.Manufacturer], c)
        } else {
            sortedCars["Default"] = append(sortedCars["Default"], c)
        }

    }
    return appender, sortedCars
}

現(xiàn)在我們可以用它把汽車分類為獨(dú)立的集合，像這樣：

manufacturers := []string{"Ford", "Aston Martin", "Land Rover", "BMW", "Jaguar"}
sortedAppender, sortedCars := MakeSortedAppender(manufacturers)
allUnsortedCars.Process(sortedAppender)
BMWCount := len(sortedCars["BMW"])

我們讓這些代碼在下面的程序 cars.go 中執(zhí)行：

示例 11.18 cars.go：

// cars.go
package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

type Any interface{}
type Car struct {
    Model        string
    Manufacturer string
    BuildYear    int
    // ...
}
type Cars []*Car

func main() {
    // make some cars:
    ford := &Car{"Fiesta", "Ford", 2008}
    bmw := &Car{"XL 450", "BMW", 2011}
    merc := &Car{"D600", "Mercedes", 2009}
    bmw2 := &Car{"X 800", "BMW", 2008}
    // query:
    allCars := Cars([]*Car{ford, bmw, merc, bmw2})
    allNewBMWs := allCars.FindAll(func(car *Car) bool {
        return (car.Manufacturer == "BMW") && (car.BuildYear > 2010)
    })
    fmt.Println("AllCars: ", allCars)
    fmt.Println("New BMWs: ", allNewBMWs)
    //
    manufacturers := []string{"Ford", "Aston Martin", "Land Rover", "BMW", "Jaguar"}
    sortedAppender, sortedCars := MakeSortedAppender(manufacturers)
    allCars.Process(sortedAppender)
    fmt.Println("Map sortedCars: ", sortedCars)
    BMWCount := len(sortedCars["BMW"])
    fmt.Println("We have ", BMWCount, " BMWs")
}

// Process all cars with the given function f:
func (cs Cars) Process(f func(car *Car)) {
    for _, c := range cs {
        f(c)
    }
}

// Find all cars matching a given criteria.
func (cs Cars) FindAll(f func(car *Car) bool) Cars {
    cars := make([]*Car, 0)

    cs.Process(func(c *Car) {
        if f(c) {
            cars = append(cars, c)
        }
    })
    return cars
}

// Process cars and create new data.
func (cs Cars) Map(f func(car *Car) Any) []Any {
    result := make([]Any, len(cs))
    ix := 0
    cs.Process(func(c *Car) {
        result[ix] = f(c)
        ix++
    })
    return result
}

func MakeSortedAppender(manufacturers []string) (func(car *Car), map[string]Cars) {
    // Prepare maps of sorted cars.
    sortedCars := make(map[string]Cars)

    for _, m := range manufacturers {
        sortedCars[m] = make([]*Car, 0)
    }
    sortedCars["Default"] = make([]*Car, 0)

    // Prepare appender function:
    appender := func(c *Car) {
        if _, ok := sortedCars[c.Manufacturer]; ok {
            sortedCars[c.Manufacturer] = append(sortedCars[c.Manufacturer], c)
        } else {
            sortedCars["Default"] = append(sortedCars["Default"], c)
        }
    }
    return appender, sortedCars
}

輸出：

AllCars:  [0xf8400038a0 0xf840003bd0 0xf840003ba0 0xf840003b70]
New BMWs:  [0xf840003bd0]
Map sortedCars:  map[Default:[0xf840003ba0] Jaguar:[] Land Rover:[] BMW:[0xf840003bd0 0xf840003b70] Aston Martin:[] Ford:[0xf8400038a0]]
We have  2  BMWs

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