PostgreSQL可以使用psycopg2模塊與Python集成。sycopg2是用于Python編程語言的PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫適配器。 psycopg2是非常小,快速,穩(wěn)定的。 您不需要單獨安裝此模塊,因為默認(rèn)情況下它會隨著Python 2.5.x版本一起發(fā)布。 如果還沒有在您的機器上安裝它,那么可以使用yum命令安裝它,如下所示:
$yum install python-psycopg2
要使用psycopg2模塊,必須首先創(chuàng)建一個表示數(shù)據(jù)庫的Connection對象,然后可以選擇創(chuàng)建可以幫助您執(zhí)行所有SQL語句的游標(biāo)對象。
以下Python代碼顯示了如何連接到現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)庫。 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫不存在,那么它將自動創(chuàng)建,最后將返回一個數(shù)據(jù)庫對象。
#!/usr/bin/python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
print "Opened database successfully"
在這里指定使用testdb作為數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱,如果數(shù)據(jù)庫已成功打開連接,則會提供以下消息:
Open database successfully
以下Python程序?qū)⒂糜谠谙惹皠?chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫(testdb)中創(chuàng)建一個表:
#!/usr/bin/python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
print "Opened database successfully"
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE COMPANY
(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);''')
print "Table created successfully"
conn.commit()
conn.close()
當(dāng)執(zhí)行上述程序時,它將在數(shù)據(jù)庫testdb中創(chuàng)建COMPANY表,并顯示以下消息:
Opened database successfully
Table created successfully
以下Python程序顯示了如何在上述示例中創(chuàng)建的COMPANY表中創(chuàng)建記錄:
#!/usr/bin/python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
print "Opened database successfully"
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )");
cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )");
cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )");
cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )");
conn.commit()
print "Records created successfully";
conn.close()
當(dāng)執(zhí)行上述程序時,它將在COMPANY表中創(chuàng)建/插入給定的記錄,并顯示以下兩行:
Opened database successfully
Records created successfully
以下Python程序顯示了如何從上述示例中創(chuàng)建的COMPANY表中獲取和顯示記錄:
#!/usr/bin/python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
print "Opened database successfully"
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print "ID = ", row[0]
print "NAME = ", row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
執(zhí)行上述程序時,會產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
以下Python代碼顯示了如何使用UPDATE語句來更新任何記錄,然后從COMPANY表中獲取并顯示更新的記錄:
#!/usr/bin/python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
print "Opened database successfully"
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1")
conn.commit
print "Total number of rows updated :", cur.rowcount
cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print "ID = ", row[0]
print "NAME = ", row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
執(zhí)行上述程序時,會產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Opened database successfully
Total number of rows updated : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully
以下Python代碼顯示了如何使用DELETE語句來刪除記錄,然后從COMPANY表中獲取并顯示剩余的記錄:
#!/usr/bin/python
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")
print "Opened database successfully"
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute("DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;")
conn.commit
print "Total number of rows deleted :", cur.rowcount
cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print "ID = ", row[0]
print "NAME = ", row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
執(zhí)行上述程序時,會產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Opened database successfully
Total number of rows deleted : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully