其實(shí)我看了半天，沒(méi)有理解你要想問(wèn)什么，特別是你所謂的“自定義的字段名數(shù)組跟隨數(shù)值數(shù)組同步排序” 到底是什么，即你應(yīng)該以數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)你排序前的情況和排序后的情況，以及排序的依據(jù)。

存成對(duì)象數(shù)組

[
    {
        date,
        type,
    }
]

然后對(duì)數(shù)組中的date排序，最后分成兩個(gè)數(shù)組

補(bǔ)充一下。實(shí)際應(yīng)用還要考慮其他因素，比如后端返回的數(shù)據(jù)情況，數(shù)據(jù)的量級(jí)，代碼的可讀性和可維護(hù)性等。

=================

根據(jù)你的代碼做的修改，你中間有些步驟寫(xiě)的有點(diǎn)冗余我改了下
ES5:

var dateData = this._rowsData = [null, null, null, '2015-11-23 15:26:57', '2015-11-23 15:3:23', null, null, '2015-11-23 15:16:8', '2015-11-23 15:26:59', null]
var typeData = this.dataNames = ['采樣', '送檢', '簽收', '已登記',
  'IOM', '離心', '去蓋', '測(cè)試中', '已上傳', '已送檢'
]

var result = this.dataNames
  .map(function (type, index) {               // 拼對(duì)象數(shù)組
    return {
      type,
      date: new Date(dateData[index]).getMinutes(),
    }
  })
  .sort(function (a, b) {                     // 排序

    // sort 不穩(wěn)定
    if (a.type === null && b.type === null) {
      return typeData.indexOf(a.type) - typeData.indexOf(b.type)
    }
    return new Date(a.date) - new Date(b.date)
  })
  .reduce(function (result, item) {           // 分割對(duì)象數(shù)組為兩個(gè)數(shù)組
    return {
      date: result.date.concat(item.date),
      type: result.type.concat(item.type),
    }
  }, { date: [], type: [] })

var date = result.date;
var type = result.type;

console.log(date, type)
// [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 16, 26, 26]
// ["采樣", "送檢", "簽收", "離心", "去蓋", "已送檢", "IOM", "測(cè)試中", "已登記", "已上傳"]

ES6:

const dateData = this._rowsData = [null, null, null, '2015-11-23 15:26:57', '2015-11-23 15:3:23', null, null, '2015-11-23 15:16:8', '2015-11-23 15:26:59', null]
const typeData = this.dataNames = ['采樣', '送檢', '簽收', '已登記',
  'IOM', '離心', '去蓋', '測(cè)試中', '已上傳', '已送檢'
]

const { date, type } = this.dataNames
  .map((type, index) => ({ type, date: new Date(this._rowsData[index]).getMinutes() })) // 拼對(duì)象數(shù)組
  .sort(({ date: dateA, type: typeA }, { date: dateB, type: typeB }) =>                 // 排序

  // sort不穩(wěn)定
    (typeA === null && typeB === null)
      ? typeData.indexOf(typeA) - typeData.indexOf(typeB)
      : new Date(dateA) - new Date(dateB))
  .reduce((result, { date, type }) => ({                                                // 分割對(duì)象數(shù)組為兩個(gè)數(shù)組
    date: [...result.date, date],
    type: [...result.type, type]
  }), { date: [], type: [] })

console.log(date, type)
// [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 16, 26, 26]
// ["采樣", "送檢", "簽收", "離心", "去蓋", "已送檢", "IOM", "測(cè)試中", "已登記", "已上傳"]

謝謝大家,我解決了思路是二維數(shù)組排序,我把我實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼貼出來(lái),謝謝幫助我的朋友們:
1.交互模塊:

// 交互模塊
SampleTime.prototype.getSampleStateBySampleNo = function () {

//直接調(diào)用Procedure存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程
var Request = Global.NewMessage();
Request.ProcedureName = "[proc_datalink_getsample_module]";
Request.ParameterNames = ["SampleNo"];
Request.ParameterDataTypes = ["int"];
Request.ParameterValues = [1];
//獲取數(shù)據(jù)
//PostMessage 異步需回調(diào)
var Return = Global.SendMessage("DB_CallProcedure", Request);
var Returns = Return.Table0;
console.log(Returns)
// //獲取值
this._rowsData = [];
this._rowsData = Returns._rowsData[0];
var datas = [];
var times = [];
for (var data = 0; data < this._rowsData.length; data++) {
    times.push(this._rowsData[data]);
    datas.push(new Date(this._rowsData[data]).getMinutes());
}
this._rowsData = datas;
console.log(this._rowsData)

//自定義數(shù)組:["采樣","送檢","簽收","已登記","IOM","離心","去蓋","測(cè)試中","已上傳","已送檢"]
//混合數(shù)組
this.dataValues = [
    ["采樣",this._rowsData[0]],
    ["送檢",this._rowsData[1]],
    ["簽收",this._rowsData[2]],
    ["已登記",this._rowsData[3]],
    ["IOM",this._rowsData[4]],
    ["離心",this._rowsData[5]],
    ["去蓋",this._rowsData[6]],
    ["測(cè)試中",this._rowsData[7]],
    ["已上傳",this._rowsData[8]],
    ["已送檢",this._rowsData[9]]
]
console.log(this.dataValues)
//給二維數(shù)組第二列排序
this.dataValues.sort(function(a,b){
    return a[1]-b[1];
});

this._values = [];
this._datas = [];
for(var i=0;i<this.dataValues.length;i++){
    this._values.push(this.dataValues[i][0]);
    this._datas.push(this.dataValues[i][1]);
}

2.ECharts插入代碼:

yAxis: {

        type: 'category',
        data: this._values ,
        axisTick: {
            alignWithLabel: true,
        }
    },
    series: [
        {
            name: '2011年',
            type: 'bar',
            data: this._datas,
        }

var dateData1 = [null, null, null, '2015-11-23 15:26:57', '2015-11-23 15:3:23', null, null, '2015-11-23 15:16:8', '2015-11-23 15:26:59', null]
        var typeData1 = ['采樣', '送檢', '簽收', '已登記',
            'IOM', '離心', '去蓋', '測(cè)試中', '已上傳', '已送檢'
        ];

        var dateData1IndexObj=new Array(dateData1.length);
        var resultData={
            date:[],
            type:[]
        };
        dateData1.forEach(function(item,index){
            dateData1IndexObj[index]={
                minutes:item?new Date(item).getMinutes():0,
                index:index
            };
        });

        dateData1IndexObj.sort(function(itemA,itemB){
            if(itemA.minutes<itemB.minutes){
                return -1;
            }else if(itemA.minutes>itemB.minutes){
                return 1;
            }else{
                return 0;
            }

        });

        dateData1IndexObj.forEach(function(item,index){
            console.log(typeData1[item.index]);
            resultData.date.push(item.minutes);
            resultData.type.push(typeData1[item.index]);
        });

        console.log(resultData);